Get ready! The verified Agricultural Science Essay and Objective answers for the 2025 WAEC May/June is now online. This WAEC Agric Questions 2025 answers includes both the Essay & Obj complete solution and access to all other verified WAEC subjects for this year. These answers will help you prepare effectively and confidently face the exam.
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WAEC Agric Science Exam Timetable – Tuesday, 13th May, 2025
Agricultural Science 2 (Essay): 13:00 – 15:10 hrs
•Agricultural Science 1 (Objective): 15:10 – 16:00 hrs
AGRICULTURE-OBJ
01-10: CABDBDDABC
11-20: DADABABBDB
21-30: CCCACABBDC
31-40: BCDDCBDCCA
41-50: DCCACBBCAD
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WAEC 2025 Agricultural Science Objective Answers (OBJ)
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WAEC 2025 Agric Essay Answers
Agric Essay answers include topics like Cooperative Farming, Farm Settlement Scheme, Agricultural Research Institutes, Modern Alternatives to Traditional Tools, andt hers.
(3a)
(Complete the Table)
(3bi)
WIND:
(PICK FOUR ONLY)
(i) It causes mechanical damage to crops.
(ii) It leads to lodging of tall crops like maize and sorghum.
(iii) It increases the rate of evapotranspiration.
(iv) It helps in the dispersal of pollen for pollination.
(v) It can spread pests and diseases.
(vi) It contributes to soil erosion.
(vii) It can aid in seed dispersal.
(viii) Strong winds can destroy farm infrastructure such as greenhouses.
(3bii)
LIGHT:
(PICK FOUR ONLY)
(i) It is essential for photosynthesis in crops.
(ii) Inadequate light reduces crop yield.
(iii) It influences flowering and fruiting in plants.
(iv) Light duration affects vegetative growth.
(v) Excessive sunlight can cause wilting and scorching.
(vi) It affects the opening and closing of stomata.
(vii) Light intensity influences plant pigmentation.
(viii) It helps in regulating plant circadian rhythms.
(3c)
(PICK FOUR ONLY)
(i) Logging for timber and firewood.
(ii) Bush burning.
(iii) Farming and agricultural expansion.
(iv) Urbanization and construction.
(v) Mining activities.
(vi) Road construction.
(vii) Industrial development.
(viii) Charcoal production.
(1a)
(i)Conflict and Political Instability
(ii)Environmental Challenges
(iii)Population Growth
(iv)Poverty
(v)Unfair Trading Structures
(vi)Diseases
(1b)
(i)ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States)
(ii)West African Agricultural Productivity Program (WAAPP):
(iii)National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS)
(iv)Ministry of Agriculture
(1ci)
(i)Plowing
(ii)Planting
(iii)Harvesting
(1cii)
(i)High Costs: Tractors are expensive, making it challenging for small-scale farmers to afford them.
(ii)Limited Access to Credit: Farmers may not have access to credit or financing options to purchase tractors.
(iii)Maintenance and Repair: Tractors require regular maintenance and repair, which can be challenging in areas with limited infrastructure.
(iv)Fuel and Operating Costs: Tractors require fuel and regular maintenance, which can be costly.
(v)Availability and Distribution: Tractors may not be readily available or widely distributed in rural areas, making it difficult for farmers to access them.
(2a)
(i)Leaching: Nutrients can be leached from the soil by excessive rainfall or irrigation, leading to nutrient loss.
(ii)Crop removal: Harvesting crops can remove nutrients from the soil, especially if the crops are not returned to the soil as organic matter.
(iii)Erosion: Soil erosion can lead to nutrient loss, as topsoil is often rich in nutrients.
(iv)Continuous cultivation: Continuous cultivation without adequate nutrient replenishment can lead to nutrient depletion.
(2bi)
(i)Nutrient addition: Green manure adds nutrients to the soil, improving soil fertility.
(ii)Soil structure improvement: Green manure can improve soil structure, increasing water-holding capacity and aeration.
(iii)Increased microbial activity: Green manure provides a food source for beneficial microorganisms, promoting soil health.
(2bii)
(i)Labor requirements: Incorporating green manure into the soil can be labor-intensive.
(ii)Competition with crops: Green manure crops can compete with other crops for water and nutrients.
(iii)Potential for weediness: Some green manure crops can become weeds if not managed properly.
(2c)
(i)Loss of biodiversity: Deforestation can lead to the loss of biodiversity, as forests are home to a wide range of plant and animal species.
(ii)Soil erosion: Deforestation can lead to soil erosion, as tree roots help hold soil in place.
(iii)Climate change: Deforestation contributes to climate change, as forests play a crucial role in regulating the climate.
(iv)Indigenous community displacement: Deforestation can lead to the displacement of indigenous communities, who often depend on forests for their livelihoods.
(4ai)
Planting Material
Cotton seeds are the primary planting material. These seeds can be genetically modified or non-genetically modified, depending on the variety. Seed treatment is often done to protect against pests and diseases.
(4aii)
The spacing for cotton plants varies depending on the variety and growing conditions. For American cotton, a spacing of 75×15 cm is recommended under irrigated conditions, while 60×30 cm is used under rain-fed conditions.
(4aiii)
(i)RCH 134 BT
(ii)MRC 6301 BT
(4aiv)
Harvesting
Cotton is typically harvested when the bolls are mature and open. The harvesting season usually occurs between August and September, depending on the local climate.
(4av)
(i)Pink Bollworl
(ii)Tobacco Caterpillar
(4avi)
(i)Textile production
(ii)Industrial applications
(4b)
(i)Improved yield: New varieties can offer higher yields, increasing productivity and profitability for farmers.
(ii)Disease resistance: Some new varieties may possess resistance to certain diseases, reducing crop losses and pesticide use.
(iii)Enhanced quality: New varieties can have improved taste, texture, or appearance, making them more desirable for consumers.
(iv)Increased market opportunities: Introducing new varieties can open up new market opportunities, both domestically and internationally.
(v)Climate resilience: Some new varieties may be bred to be more resilient to climate change, helping farmers adapt to changing environmental conditions.
(4c)
(i)Feeding management
(ii)Water management
(iii)Health monitoring
(iv)Cage maintenance
(5ai)
-Fencing-
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Prevents animals from straying or escaping.
(ii) Protects pasture from overgrazing by controlling access.
(iii) Prevents theft or loss of livestock.
(iv) Keeps out predators and trespassers.
(v) Helps in rotational grazing by dividing the land into paddocks.
(vi) Protects young or newly established pasture from being grazed prematurely.
(5aii)
-Adequate stocking-
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Prevents overgrazing and degradation of pasture.
(ii) Ensures animals get enough feed and maintain good health.
(iii) Maintains soil fertility and reduces erosion.
(iv) Enhances uniform utilization of pasture.
(v) Promotes regrowth of pasture grasses.
(vi) Helps in better planning and management of farm resources.
(5bi)
Culling: This is the process of removing unproductive, sick, or undesirable animals from a herd or flock to improve the overall quality and productivity.
(5bii)
Dehorning: Dehorning is the removal of horns from animals (especially cattle and goats) to prevent injuries to other animals and handlers and to reduce space requirements in housing and transport.
(5biii)
Castration: Castration is the removal or inactivation of the testes in male animals to prevent breeding, reduce aggression, and improve the quality of meat.
(5c)
(i) Seed selection
(ii) Pre-germination
(iii) Sowing
(iv) Watering
(v) Shading
(vi) Weeding and pest control
(vii) Transplanting
[13/05, 1:50 pm] Bingmat.com.ng: (6ai)
Farm inventory: A detailed list of all the assets and items on a farm, including machinery, tools, livestock, crops, and other materials, used to assess the farm’s worth and aid in management decisions.
(6aii)
Depreciation: The reduction in the value of a farm asset over time due to wear and tear, age, or obsolescence. It is used to calculate the current value of assets.
(6aiii)
Liability: The financial obligations or debts that a farm owes to external parties, such as loans, mortgages, or unpaid bills.
(6aiv)
Salvage value: The estimated residual value of an asset at the end of its useful life, which can be recovered by selling or disposing of the asset.
(6bi)
The law of supply states that, all other factors being equal, the quantity of a good supplied increases as the market price increases, and decreases as the market price decreases.
(6bii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Weather conditions
(ii) Availability and cost of farm inputs
(iii) Government policies
(iv) Price of farm produce in the market
(v) Availability of labor
(vi) Technological advancement
(vii) Storage and transportation facilities
(6c)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Weeds can harbor pests and diseases harmful to animals
(ii) Some weeds are poisonous and can cause illness or death if consumed
(iii) Weeds reduce the quality of pasture available for grazing
(iv) Dense weed growth can restrict animal movement and access to water or feed
(v) Increased cost of pasture management due to the need for weed control
(vi) Some weeds have thorns or spines that can injure animals
(vii) Weeds may outcompete nutritious pasture grasses
(viii) Weeds may reduce the palatability of pasture
(ix) Infestation of invasive weeds may lower the overall carrying capacity of grazing land
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• Use mnemonics and diagrams to aid memory
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